Journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 253, Issue -, Pages 146-157Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12057
Keywords
miR-155; miRNAs; immune system; B cells; therapeutics
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council through a CDA fellowship [G0700287]
- Medical Research Council [G1001781]
- BBSRC Institute strategic program grant
- MRC [G1001781, G0700287] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0700287, G1001781] Funding Source: researchfish
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly recognized class of regulatory genes which repress the expression of protein-coding genes. Numerous studies have uncovered a complex role for miRNAs regulating many aspects of a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, and lineage commitment. In the immune system, miR-155 is unique in its ability to shape the transcriptome of activated myeloid and lymphoid cells controlling diverse biological functions ranging from inflammation to immunological memory. Not surprisingly, a tight control of miR-155 expression is required to avoid malignant transformation, as evidenced by miR-155 overexpression in many cancers of B-cell origin. In this review, we discuss the potential of miR-155 as a molecular target for therapeutic intervention and discuss the function of miR-155 in the context of protective immunity. We first look back into the emergence of miR-155 in evolution, which is coincidental with the emergence of the ancestors of the antigen receptors. We then summarize what we have learned about the role of miR-155 in the regulation of lymphoid subsets at the cellular and molecular level in the context of recent progress in this field.
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