OX40 and CD30 signals in CD4+ T-cell effector and memory function: a distinct role for lymphoid tissue inducer cells in maintaining CD4+ T-cell memory but not effector function

CD4+ effector and memory T cells play a pivotal role in the development of both normal and pathogenic immune responses. This review focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate their development, with particular focus on the tumor necrosis factor superfamily members OX40 (TNFRSF4) and CD30 (TNFRSF8). We discuss the evidence that in mice, these molecular signaling pathways act synergistically to regulate the development of both effector and memory CD4+ T cells but that the cells that regulate memory versus effector function are distinct, effectively allowing the independent regulation of the memory and effector CD4+ T-cell pools.