Journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 243, Issue -, Pages 40-60Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01047.x
Keywords
Nod1; Nod2; peptidoglycan recognition proteins; PGLYRP; peptidoglycan; Nod-like receptors
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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Peptidoglycan is a conserved structural component of the bacterial cell wall with molecular motifs unique to bacteria. The mammalian immune system takes advantage of these properties and has evolved to recognize this microbial associated molecular pattern. Mammals have four secreted peptidoglycan recognition proteins, PGLYRP-1-4, as well as two intracellular sensors of peptidoglycan, Nod1 and Nod2. Recognition of peptidoglycan is important in initiating and shaping the immune response under both homeostatic and infection conditions. During infection, peptidoglycan recognition drives both cell-autonomous and whole-organism defense responses. Here, we examine recent advances in the understanding of how peptidoglycan recognition shapes mammalian immune responses in these diverse contexts.
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