Journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 229, Issue -, Pages 259-270Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00772.x
Keywords
TIM; costimulation; T-cell; allergy; tolerance; autoimmunity
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [P01AI073748, P01AI056299] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS045937] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI056299-05, P01 AI073748-01A1, P01 AI073748-02, P01 AI073748, P01 AI073748-03, P01 AI056299-04, P01 AI056299] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS045937-06, R01 NS045937-05, R01 NS045937, R01 NS045937-07] Funding Source: Medline
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The T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain (TIM) family, including TIM-1, TIM-2, TIM-3, and TIM-4, is a relatively newly described group of molecules with a conserved structure and important immunological functions, including T-cell activation, induction of T-cell apoptosis and T-cell tolerance, and the clearance of apoptotic cells. TIM-1 costimulates T-cell activation and enhances cytokine production. In humans, TIM-1 also serves as a susceptibility gene for allergy and asthma. TIM-3, expressed on T cells and dendritic cells, regulates T-cell apoptosis and immune tolerance. By contrast, TIM-4, which is expressed primarily on antigen-presenting cells and which is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, regulates T-cell activation and tolerance, in part by mediating the uptake and engulfment of apoptotic cells. The TIM molecules thus have surprisingly broad activities affecting multiple aspects of immunology.
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