Journal
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
Volume 55, Issue 1-3, Pages 58-70Publisher
HUMANA PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8349-8
Keywords
T cell; Oxygen; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-inducible factor; Metabolism
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 AI093637-01A1, U19 AI050864 PF]
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
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Oxygen is a molecule that is central to cellular respiration and viability, yet there are multiple physiologic and pathological contexts in which cells experience conditions of insufficient oxygen availability, a state known as hypoxia. Given the metabolic challenges of a low oxygen environment, hypoxia elicits a range of adaptive responses at the cellular, tissue, and systemic level to promote continued survival and function. Within this context, T lymphocytes are a highly migratory cell type of the adaptive immune system that frequently encounters a wide range of oxygen tensions in both health and disease. It is now clear that oxygen availability regulates T cell differentiation and function, a response orchestrated in large part by the hypoxia-inducible factor transcription factors. Here, we discuss the physiologic scope of hypoxia and hypoxic signaling, the contribution of these pathways in regulating T cell biology, and current gaps in our understanding. Finally, we discuss how emerging therapies that modulate the hypoxic response may offer new modalities to alter T cell function and the outcome of acute and chronic pathologies.
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