Journal
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Volume 218, Issue 11, Pages 1312-1321Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.07.007
Keywords
DNA receptor; DNA virus; Innate immunity; Interferon
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Funding
- MRC [MR/K00655X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MR/K00655X/1] Funding Source: Medline
- Medical Research Council [MR/K00655X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The detection of intracellular DNA has emerged to be a key event in the innate immune response to viruses and intracellular bacteria, and during conditions of sterile inflammation and autoimmunity. One of the consequences of the detection of DNA as a 'stranger' and a 'danger' signal is the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Much work has been dedicated to the elucidation of the signalling cascades that activate this DNA-induced gene expression programme. However, while many proteins have been proposed to act as sensors for intracellular DNA in recent years, none has been met with universal acceptance, and a theory linking all the recent observations is, as yet, lacking. This review presents the evidence for the various interferon-inducing DNA receptors proposed to date, and examines the hypotheses that might explain why so many different receptors appear to be involved in the innate immune recognition of intracellular DNA. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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