Journal
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Volume 213, Issue 3-4, Pages 173-182Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.10.006
Keywords
innate immunity; gamma delta T cells; Toll-like receptors; cytokines; polyinosinic-polycytidylic (polyI : C)
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gamma delta T cells expressing the V gamma 9V delta 2 T cell receptor (TCR) account for 1-10% of CD3(+) peripheral blood T lymphocytes. V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells use their TCR as a pattern recognition receptor to sense the presence of infection through specific recognition of intermediates of the microbial non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenold biosynthesis. Such phosphoantigens rapidly and selectively activate human gamma delta T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines, notably interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In addition, human gamma delta T cells express certain Toll-like receptors (TLR) and directly respond to the corresponding ligands. We have demonstrated expression of TLR3 in V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells and striking costimulatory effects of the ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) on TCR-stimulated IFN-gamma production. Gene expression studies by microarray analysis identified additional genes that were up-regulated by combined TCR- and TLR3 stimulation. We discuss these findings in the context of the suspected role of human V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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