Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 599-610Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.007
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [AI049653]
- U.S. Department of Defense [DOD W81XWH-07-1-0550-Mason]
- AHA [10POST4160140]
- Training in Cancer Biology grant [T32CA009547]
- Singapore Immunology Network core grant
- Washington University Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (DDRCC) [DK052574]
- [NHLBI-HL81151]
- [NHLBI-HL115334]
- [R24 AI072073]
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It is thought that monocytes rapidly differentiate to macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) upon leaving blood. Here we have shown that Ly-6C(+) monocytes constitutively trafficked into skin, lung, and lymph nodes (LNs). Entry was unaffected in gnotobiotic mice. Monocytes in resting lung and LN had similar gene expression profiles to blood monocytes but elevated transcripts of a limited number of genes including cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), induced by monocyte interaction with endothelium. Parabiosis, bromodoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse-chase analysis, and intranasal instillation of tracers indicated that instead of contributing to resident macrophages in the lung, recruited endogenous monocytes acquired antigen for carriage to draining LNs, a function redundant with DCs though differentiation to DCs did not occur. Thus, monocytes can enter steady-state nonlymphoid organs and recirculate to LNs without differentiation to macrophages or DCs, revising a long-held view that monocytes become tissue-resident macrophages by default.
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