Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 30, Issue 5, Pages 673-683Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.03.013
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [IRTG1360, SFB 618, SFB TR52]
- BMBF-ForSys program
- European Commission
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Differentiation of naive T lymphocytes into type I T helper (Th1) cells requires interferon-gamma and interleukin-12. it is puzzling that interferon-gamma induces the Th1 transcription factor T-bet, whereas interleukin-12 mediates Th1 cell lineage differentiation. We use mathematical modeling to analyze the expression kinetics of T-bet, interferon-gamma, and the IL-12 receptor beta 2 chain (IL-12R beta 2) during Th1 cell differentiation, in the presence or absence of interleukin-12 or interferon-gamma signaling. We show that interferon-gamma induced initial T-bet expression, whereas IL-12R beta 2 was repressed by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. The termination of TCR signaling permitted upregulation of IL-12R beta 2 by T-bet and interleukin-12 signaling that maintained T-bet expression. This late expression of T-bet, accompanied by the upregulation of the transcription factors Runx3 and Hlx, was required to imprint the Th cell for interferon-gamma re-expression. Thus initial polarization and subsequent imprinting of Th1 cells are mediated by interlinked, sequentially acting positive feedback loops of TCR-interferon-gamma-Stat1-T-bet and interleukin-12-Stat4-T-bet signaling.
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