Journal
ILAR JOURNAL
Volume 55, Issue 2, Pages 246-258Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu008
Keywords
anxiety; exposure therapy; extinction; fear; PTSD; relapse; resilience; stress
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 MH065961]
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Whereas fear memories are rapidly acquired and enduring over time, extinction memories are slow to form and are susceptible to disruption. Consequently, behavioral therapies that involve extinction learning (e.g., exposure therapy) often produce only temporary suppression of fear and anxiety. This review focuses on the factors that are known to influence the relapse of extinguished fear. Several phenomena associated with the return of fear after extinction are discussed, including renewal, spontaneous recovery, reacquisition, and reinstatement. Additionally, this review describes recent work, which has focused on the role of psychological stress in the relapse of extinguished fear. Recent developments in behavioral and pharmacological research are examined in light of treatment of pathological fear in humans.
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