Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
Volume 58, Issue 8, Pages 4239-4253Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2010.2049106
Keywords
Cognitive radio; optimal stopping; sequential detection; spectrum sensing
Categories
Funding
- NSF [CCF 0830480, CON 0824007]
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory [DAAD19-01-2-0011]
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations [0830480] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [0824007] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Effective spectrum sensing is a critical prerequisite for multi-channel cognitive radio (CR) networks, where multiple spectrum bands are sensed to identify transmission opportunities, while preventing interference to the primary users. The present paper develops sequential spectrum sensing algorithms which explicitly take into account the sensing time overhead, and optimize a performance metric capturing the effective average data rate of CR transmitters. A constrained dynamic programming problem is formulated to obtain the policy that chooses the best time to stop taking measurements and the best set of channels to access for data transmission, while adhering to hard collision constraints imposed to protect primary links. Given the associated Lagrange multipliers, the optimal access policy is obtained in closed form, and the subsequent problem reduces to an optimal stopping problem. A basis expansion-based sub-optimal strategy is employed to mitigate the prohibitive computational complexity of the optimal stopping policy. A novel on-line implementation based on the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm along with a stochastic dual update procedure is then developed to obviate the lengthy training phase of the batch scheme. Cooperative sequential sensing generalizations are also provided with either raw or quantized measurements collected at a central processing unit. The numerical results presented verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
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