Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 1494-1501Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.921167
Keywords
dc-dc; low power; maximum power point tracking; resistor emulation; RF energy harvesting
Categories
Funding
- RERC
- U.S. Department of Education NIDRR [133E040019]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) SENSORS [0330466]
- Division Of Computer and Network Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [0330466] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This paper presents an approach and associated circuitry for harvesting near maximum output power from electromagnetic waves in the RF/microwave region of the spectrum with variable incident power densities in the range of tens of mu W/cm(2). It is shown that open loop resistor emulation at the input port of a power converter is a suitable solution for tracking the peak power point of a low-power rectifying antenna source over a wide range of incident RF power densities. A boost converter with a simple low-power control approach for resistor emulation is presented. A hardware design example with detailed efficiency analysis is given using commercially available discrete circuitry. Experimental results are presented for a system harvesting 420 mu W to 8 mu W from a 6 cm x 6 cm rectifying antenna with incident RF power ranging from 70 mu W/cm(2) to 30 mu W/cm(2), respectively. The results demonstrate that resistor emulation is a simple and practical approach to energy harvesting with variable low-power radiative RF sources.
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