Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
Volume 36, Issue 7, Pages 1354-1369Publisher
IEEE COMPUTER SOC
DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2013.212
Keywords
Multiple kernel learning; support vector machine; visual object recognition; convex optimization
Funding
- US National Science Foundation [IIS-0643494]
- U.S. Army Research (ARO) [W911NF-08-010403]
- Office of Naval Research [ONR N00014-09-1-0663]
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Multiple kernel learning (MKL) is a principled approach for selecting and combining kernels for a given recognition task. A number of studies have shown that MKL is a useful tool for object recognition, where each image is represented by multiple sets of features and MKL is applied to combine different feature sets. We review the state-of-the-art for MKL, including different formulations and algorithms for solving the related optimization problems, with the focus on their applications to object recognition. One dilemma faced by practitioners interested in using MKL for object recognition is that different studies often provide conflicting results about the effectiveness and efficiency of MKL. To resolve this, we conduct extensive experiments on standard datasets to evaluate various approaches to MKL for object recognition. We argue that the seemingly contradictory conclusions offered by studies are due to different experimental setups. The conclusions of our study are: (i) given a sufficient number of training examples and feature/kernel types, MKL is more effective for object recognition than simple kernel combination (e.g., choosing the best performing kernel or average of kernels); and (ii) among the various approaches proposed for MKL, the sequential minimal optimization, semi-infinite programming, and level method based ones are computationally most efficient.
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