Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 2-5Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2009.2032293
Keywords
Bioelectric phenomena; CMOSFET oscillators; DC-DC power conversion; energy resources; power supplies; remote sensing
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation, Engineering/Electrical, Communications, and Cyber Systems Division
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Complex patterns of electrical potential differences exist across the structure of a tree. We have characterized these voltages, and measured values ranging from a few millivolts to a few hundred millivolts for Bigleaf maple trees. These potential differences provide a unique opportunity to power nanoelectronic circuits directly from a tree. We have designed, constructed, and successfully tested two ICs, powered solely through a connection to Bigleaf maple trees. The first circuit, built in a 130-nm technology, creates a stable 1.1 V supply from input voltages as low as 20 mV, and can be deployed to generate a usable voltage level for standard circuits. The second circuit, fabricated in 90-nm technology is a timer, operating at 0.045 Hz and can be used for time keeping in stand-alone sensor network nodes. The boost circuit and timer consume 10 and 2.5 nW of power during operation, respectively.
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