Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
Volume 66, Issue 12, Pages 5472-5481Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2860023
Keywords
Bandwidth (BW); Bode-Fano; circulator; filters; magnetless; spatiotemporally modulated (STM)
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Funding
- IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Graduate Fellowship
- Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Simons Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- Silicon Audio
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In this paper, we explore theoretically and experimentally broadband spatiotemporally modulated magnetless circulators realized by combining three-port nonreciprocal junctions with three identical bandpass filters. We develop a rigorous theory for the proposed circuit, which allows optimizing its design and to derive a global bound on the maximum possible bandwidth (BW). We verify our theory with simulations and measurements of a printed circuit board prototype based on a differential wye junction and second-order Chebyshev bandpass filters, resulting in a measured fractional BW of 13.9% at a center frequency of 1 GHz.
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