Journal
MATERIALS LETTERS
Volume 139, Issue -, Pages 475-479Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.10.073
Keywords
ZnO; Ferromagnetism; Sensing
Funding
- Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa [HGER28P, HGER27S]
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We report on the effect of the synthesis reaction-time on the structural, optical, magnetic and sensing properties of ZnO-nanostructures. Electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence analyses reveal that singly ionized oxygen vacancies (V-0(+)) and zinc vacancies (V-Zn) are the main defects and that their relative concentration decreases with increasing particle sizes, resulting in decreased ferromagnetism (FM). Moreover, the sensing performance decreased with an increase in nanostructures synthesis reaction-time due to a decreased surface area, as well as V-0(+) and V-Zn concentrations. Thus, the synthesis reaction-time clearly controls the relative occupancy of the V-0(+); and V-Zn present on the surface of ZnO-nanostructures, which is enunciated to be critical for enhanced FM and sensing characteristics. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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