Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 2101-2110Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2308977
Keywords
Collision avoidance; visual navigation; visual servoing
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Moving obstacle avoidance is a fundamental requirement for any robot operating in real environments, where pedestrians, bicycles, and cars are present. In this paper, we propose and validate a framework for avoiding moving obstacles during visual navigation with a wheeled mobile robot. Visual navigation consists of following a path, represented as an ordered set of key images, which have been acquired by an on-board camera in a teaching phase. While following such a path, our robot is able to avoid static and moving obstacles, which were not present during teaching, and which are sensed by an on-board lidar. The proposed approach takes explicitly into account obstacle velocities, estimated using an appropriate Kalman-based observer. The velocities are then used to predict the obstacle positions within a tentacle-based approach. Finally, our approach is validated in a series of real outdoor experiments, showing that when the obstacle velocities are considered, the robot behavior is safer, smoother, and faster than when it is not.
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