Multistage Optimal PMU Placement Considering Substation Infrastructure

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) significantly benefit the operation and control of power systems. They offer precise phasor measurements with a high refresh rate. These measurements are utilized for wide-area measurement system to improve situational awareness and enhance the control infrastructure. In spite of these advantages, the industry has been reluctant to adopt PMU technology, largely due to the high cost of PMUs and the communication infrastructure. However, judicious selection of PMU locations through optimal placement of PMUs (OPP) enables the minimization of installation cost. There have been several approaches to solve the OPP problem most of which assume that the minimum number of PMUs achieves the minimum cost or consider the cost of PMUs without considering the communication infrastructure. This paper presents an OPP approach that considers both the communication infrastructure and the installation cost of PMUs. The proposed approach uses multistage installation where each stage is dependent on the cost set by the utility instead of the number of PMUs. Higher priority buses can be chosen under the proposed approach. An opposition-based elitist binary genetic algorithm is used to solve the OPP problem. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE reliability test system, and on the IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, and 118-bus test systems.