AC Voltage Sag/Swell Compensator Based on Three-Phase Hybrid Transformer With Buck-Boost Matrix-Reactance Chopper

The parameters of electrical energy such as voltage amplitude are very important, particularly from the viewpoint of the final consumer and sensitive loads connected to the grid. The dynamic states in the power grid-deep voltage sags and swells-might cause faults and defects in sensitive loads. This paper deals with a three-phase hybrid transformer (HT) without dc energy storage to compensate voltage sags and swells and to protect sensitive loads against the rapid and extensive changes in supply voltage amplitude. The analyzed HT contains two main units: the first one is the conventional electromagnetic transformer, realizing an electromagnetic coupling, and the second one is the buck-boost matrix-reactance chopper, realizing an electrical coupling in the HT unit. In the presented solution, output voltage is transformed in two ways-electromagnetically and electrically. This paper presents an operational description, the theoretical analysis, and the experimental test results from a 2-kVA laboratory model. On the basis of the authors' research, it can be stated that the HT makes it possible to compensate deep voltage sags (deeper than 50% of nominal source voltage) and overvoltages (up to 140% of nominal source voltage) while maintaining good dynamic properties. The main advantages of the proposed solution, in comparison to other conventional solutions, are the ability to control the output voltage in the range of 0.66-3.5 U-S, good dynamics (transient state during source voltage u(S) amplitude change is shorter than 10 ms), and galvanic separation between source and load (such as in the case of the conventional electromagnetic transformer).