Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Volume 55, Issue 6, Pages 2258-2267Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2008.918390
Keywords
capacitors; energy storage; flywheels; fuel cells (FC); land vehicle; transportation
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The fuel efficiency and performance of novel vehicles with electric propulsion capability are largely limited by the performance of the energy storage system (ESS). This paper reviews state-of-the-art ESSs in automotive applications. Battery technology options are considered in detail, with emphasis on methods of battery monitoring, managing, protecting, and balancing. Furthermore, other ESS candidates such as ultracapacitors, flywheels and fuel cells are also discussed. Finally, hybrid power sources are considered as a method of combining two or more energy storage devices to create a superior power source.
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