Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 101, Issue 1, Pages 92-97Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.012
Keywords
Dispersant; Crude oil; Oil spill; Lecithin; Tween 80
Funding
- Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) (Consortium for Ocean Leadership) [12-05/GoMRI-002]
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Effectiveness of oil spill dispersants containing lecithin/Tween 80 (L/T) blends in ethanol was measured as a function of L:T ratio, surfactant:solvent ratio, solvent composition, and dispersant:oil ratio (DOR) using baffled flask dispersion effectiveness tests. Optimal LT ratios are between 60:40 and 80:20 (w/w); at higher LT ratios, effectiveness is limited by high interfacial tension, while at lower L:T ratios, insufficient lecithin is present to form a well-packed monolayer at an oil-water interface. These optimal L:T ratios retain high effectiveness at low DOR: 80:20 (w/w) L:T dispersant is 89% effective at 1:25 DOR (v/v) and 77% effective at 1:100 DOR (v/v). Increasing surfactant:solvent ratio increases dispersant effectiveness even when DOR is proportionally reduced to keep total surfactant concentration dosed into the oil constant. Replacing some of the ethanol with octane or octanol also increases dispersant effectiveness, suggesting that ethanol's hydrophilicity lowers dispersant-oil miscibility, and that more hydrophobic solvents would increase effectiveness, (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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