Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
Volume 52, Issue 12, Pages 7750-7763Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2318171
Keywords
Atmosphere; geosynchronous (GEO); mission; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); system
Categories
Funding
- Royal Society
- EPSRC [EP/H003304/1]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E007902/1, EP/H003304/1, TS/G002592/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/H003770/1, PP/D002230/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/H003304/1, EP/E007902/1, TS/G002592/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [PP/D002230/1, ST/H003770/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) has been studied for several decades but has not yet been implemented. This paper provides an overview of mission design, describing significant constraints (atmosphere, orbit, temporal stability of the surface and atmosphere, measurement physics, and radar performance) and then uses these to propose an approach to initial system design. The methodology encompasses all GEO SAR mission concepts proposed to date. Important classifications of missions are: 1) those that require atmospheric phase compensation to achieve their design spatial resolution; and 2) those that achieve full spatial resolution without phase compensation. Means of estimating the atmospheric phase screen are noted, including a novel measurement of the mean rate of change of the atmospheric phase delay, which GEO SAR enables. Candidate mission concepts are described. It seems likely that GEO SAR will be feasible in a wide range of situations, although extreme weather and unstable surfaces (e.g., water, tall vegetation) prevent 100% coverage. GEO SAR offers an exciting imaging capability that powerfully complements existing systems.
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