Assessing trace element contamination in Fildes Peninsula (King George Island) and Ardley Island, Antarctic

King George Island, situated in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, is one of the most visited sites in Antarctica. This has contributed to a high density of scientific stations and shelters in the region, especially in Fildes Peninsula. In order to evaluate the natural and anthropogenic sources of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg) soil and moss samples were collected from different sites in January 2013. In general, the results revealed homogeneous concentrations (mu g g(-1)) for each element in the majority of collected samples (As: 3.8 +/- 1.4; Cd: 0.4 +/- 0.9; Cu: 34 +/- 4; Zn: 115 +/- 13; Pb: 20 +/- 5; Hg; 0.011 +/- 0.009). However, some samples in specific areas of Fildes Bay showed the existence of local anthropogenic activities that have contributed to the enrichment of contaminants in soils and moss samples that correlated to one another (e.g. Pb: 1101 mu g g(-1)). Human presence is linked to examples of contamination and environmental perturbation, making essential the implementation of this type of study in order to understand and protect unique places in Antarctica. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.