Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 2141-2157Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/md13042141
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean Government (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
- MEST) [NRF-C1ABA001-20.11-0021039]
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Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is a phlorotannin compound isolated from Ishige okamuarae, a brown alga. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and action mechanism of DPHC in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that DPHC strongly reduces the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), but not that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced by LPS. DPHC (12.5 and 100 mu M) suppressed the phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB (NF-kappa B), a central signaling molecule in the inflammation process induced by LPS. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a negative feedback regulator of Janus kinase (Jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. In this study, DPHC inhibited STAT5 expression and upregulated that of SOCS1 at a concentration of 100 mu M. Furthermore, N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) (a specific NF-kappa B inhibitor) and JI (a specific Jak2 inhibitor) reduced the production of IL-6, but not that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings demonstrate that DPHC inhibits IL-6 production via the downregulation of NF-kappa B and Jak2-STAT5 pathway and upregulation of SOCS1.
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