Repairing Australia's estuaries for improved fisheries production - what benefits, at what cost?

An Australia-wide assessment of similar to 1000 estuaries and embayments undertaken by the National Land and Water Resources Audit of 1997-2002 indicated that similar to 30% were modified to some degree. The most highly degraded were in New South Wales, where similar to 40% were classified as extensively modified' and <10% were near pristine'. Since that review, urban populations have continued to grow rapidly, and increasing pressures for industrial and agricultural development in the coastal zone have resulted in ongoing degradation of Australia's estuaries and embayments. This degradation has had serious effects on biodiversity, and commercial and recreational fishing. A business case is developed that shows that an Australia-wide investment of AU$350 million into repair will be returned in less than 5 years. This return is merely from improved productivity of commercial fisheries of a limited number of fish, shellfish and crustacean species. Estuary repair represents an outstanding return on investment, possibly far greater than most of Australia's previous environmental repair initiatives and with clearly demonstrated outcomes across the Australian food and services economies.