Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 59, Issue 11, Pages 3104-3109Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2012.2216264
Keywords
Actuation; magnetic; microrobots; nanosphere; photoluminescence; porphine
Categories
Funding
- NCCR Co-Me of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- Junta de Andalucia, Regional Government of Spain [FQM-02625]
- SNSF [200020-126694]
- European Research Council
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We present a luminescence oxygen sensor integrated with a wireless intraocular microrobot for minimally-invasive diagnosis. This microrobot can be accurately controlled in the intraocular cavity by applying magnetic fields. The microrobot consists of a magnetic body susceptible to magnetic fields and a sensor coating. This coating embodies Pt(II) octaethylporphine (PtOEP) dyes as the luminescence material and polystyrene as a supporting matrix, and it can be wirelessly excited and read out by optical means. The sensor works based on quenching of luminescence in the presence of oxygen. The excitation and emission spectrum, response time, and oxygen sensitivity of the sensor were characterized using a spectrometer. A custom device was designed and built to use this sensor for intraocular measurements with the microrobot. Due to the intrinsic nature of luminescence lifetimes, a frequency-domain lifetime measurement approach was used. An alternative sensor design with increased performance was demonstrated by using poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PS-MA) and PtOEP nanospheres.
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