Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 175-184Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2009.2028133
Keywords
Cavitation diagnostics; heating; high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU); inertial cavitation; passive cavitation detection (PCD)
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Funding
- Gordon Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems via National Science Foundation (NSF) [EEC-9986821]
- U.S. Army [DAMD17-02-2-0014]
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It has been established that while the inherent presence of bubbles increases heat generation due to scattering and absorption, inertial cavitation is responsible for elevated heating during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) application. The contribution of bubble-induced heating can be an important factor to consider, as it can be several times greater than the expected heat deposition from absorption of energy from the primary ultrasound field. The temperature and cavitation signal near the focus were measured for 5.5-s continuous-wave 1.1-MHz HIFU sonications in tissue mimicking phantoms. The measured temperature was corrected for heating predicted from the primary ultrasound absorption to isolate the temperature rise from the bubble activity. The temperature rise induced from cavitation correlates well with a measurement of the instantaneous cavitation power as indicated by the mean square voltage output of a 15-MHz passive cavitation detector. The results suggest that careful processing of the cavitation signals can serve as a proxy for measuring the heating contribution from inertial cavitation.
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