Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 6, Issue 6, Pages 523-532Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2012.2232665
Keywords
Biomedical telemetry; drug delivery; implantable biomedical devices; low power; micro-scale fluid propulsion; noninvasive; wireless health monitoring; wireless powering
Funding
- C2S2 Focus Center under the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP), a Semiconductor Research Corporation entity
- TSMC University Shuttle Program for the fabrication of the chip
- Olympus Corporation
- Stanford Graduate Fellowship
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A wirelessly powered and controlled implantable device capable of locomotion in a fluid medium is presented. Two scalable low-power propulsion methods are described that achieve roughly an order of magnitude better performance than existing methods in terms of thrust conversion efficiency. The wireless prototype occupies 0.6 mm x 1 mm in 65 nm CMOS with an external 2 mm x 2 mm receive antenna. The IC consists of a matching network, a rectifier, a bandgap reference, a regulator, a demodulator, a digital controller, and high-current drivers that interface directly with the propulsion system. It receives 500 mu W from a 2 W 1.86 GHz power signal at a distance of 5 cm. Asynchronous pulse-width modulation on the carrier allows for data rates from 2.5-25 Mbps with energy efficiency of 0.5 pJ/b at 10 Mbps. The received data configures the propulsion system drivers, which are capable of driving up to 2 mA at 0.2 V and can achieve speed of 0.53 cm/sec in a 0.06 T magnetic field.
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