Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
Volume 57, Issue 6, Pages 1850-1854Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2019933
Keywords
Attenuation; bio-antenna; implanted antenna; medical implants; RF transmission
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This communication characterizes the transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals in Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) band (402-405 MHz) between the loop antennas placed in free space and implanted into a human head (beneath the skull) for medical applications. The investigation is carried out using a commercial EM simulator XFDTD based on a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with a numerical human head model, and verified by the measurements with a phantom. The study shows the effects of human head on the transmission of RF signals between the antennas inside and outside a human head. The information derived from this study is useful for the link budget of medical systems with the wireless connection between implanted devices in human heads and external central controllers.
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