Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
Volume 53, Issue 9, Pages 2604-2613Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2850918
Keywords
Analog-to-time conversion; asynchronous; bio-sensor; delta-sigma; instrumentation; low noise; low voltage
Categories
Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K015060/1, EP/M020975/1]
- EPSRC [EP/M020975/1, EP/K015060/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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This paper presents a low-power analog-to-time converter (ATC) for integrated bio-sensors. The proposed circuit facilitates the direct conversion of electrode bio-potential recordings into time-encoded digital pulses with high efficiency without prior signal amplification. This approach reduces the circuit complexity for multi-channel instrumentation systems and allows asynchronous digital control to maximize the potential power savings during sensor inactivity. A prototype fabricated using a 65-nm CMOS technology is demonstrated with measured characteristics. Experimental results show an input-referred noise figure of 3.8 mu V-rms for a 11-kHz signal bandwidth while dissipating 1.2 mu W from a 0.5-V supply and occupying 60 x 80 mu m(2) silicon area. This compact configuration is enabled by the proposed asynchronous readout that shapes the mismatch components arising from the multi-bit quantizer and the use of capacitive feedback.
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