Monitoring Urban Land Cover in Rome, Italy, and Its Changes by Single-Polarization Multitemporal SAR Images

This study contributes an assessment of the potential of single-polarization decametric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in classifying land cover within and around large urban areas and in monitoring their changes. The decision task is performed on a pixel basis and is carried out by supervise neural network algorithms fed by radar image features including backscattering intensity, coherence and textural parameters. Two configurations are considered: a short-term classification and change detection scheme intended for providing information in near-real time and a long-term scheme aimed at observing the urban changes at year time scales. We use a pair of interferometric images for the short-term case, while the long-term exercise utilizes two interferometric pairs and a fifth single acquisition. The images are acquired by the ERS SAR in late winter, spring and early summer over 836 square kilometers including Rome, Italy, and its surroundings. The accuracy of the short-term algorithm in discriminating seven types of surface is higher than 86%, while the accuracy of the long-term algorithm is beyond 88%. The many changes undergone by Rome from 1994 to 1999 have been identified by the postclassification comparison change detection procedure. The pixel-by-pixel analysis of the results has been carried out for a 160 square kilometers test area, obtaining a correct detection above 82% (less than 18% missed alarms and 0.3% false alarms).