Journal
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 839-843Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2113312
Keywords
Forest canopy; multispectral light detection and ranging (LiDAR); normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
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Funding
- Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Earth Instrumentation
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H022414/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/H022414/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The first demonstration of a multispectral light detection and ranging (LiDAR) optimized for detailed structure and physiology measurements in forest ecosystems is described. The basic principle is to utilize, in a single instrument, both the capacity of multispectral sensing to measure plant physiology [through normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI)] with the ability of LiDAR to measure vertical structure information and generate hot spot (specular) reflectance data independent of solar illumination. A tunable laser operated at four wavelengths (531, 550, 660, and 780 nm) was used to measure profiles of the NDVI and the PRI. Laboratory-based measurements were conducted for live trees, demonstrating that realistic values of the indexes can be measured. A model-based analysis demonstrates that the LiDAR waveforms cannot only capture the tree height information but also picks up the seasonal and vertical variation of NDVI inside the tree canopy.
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