Journal
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
Volume 35, Issue 6, Pages 1646-1660Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/liv.12791
Keywords
hepatopulmonary syndrome; liver disease; portopulmonary hypertension
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Funding
- Research Foundation - Flanders (Aspirant mandaat FWO Vlaanderen) [FWO14/ASP/200]
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Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are cardiopulmonary complications, which are not infrequently seen in patients with liver disease and/or portal hypertension. These entities are both clinically and pathophysiologically different: the hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by abnormal pulmonary vasodilation and right-to-left shunting resulting in gas exchange abnormalities, whereas portopulmonary hypertension is caused by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction leading to hemodynamic failure. As both hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality, andas these patients are commonly asymptomatic, all liver transplantation candidates should be actively screened for the presence of these two complications. The aim of is this review is to provide an overview on the hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension with primary focus on diagnosis and recent knowledge regarding pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
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