Journal
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages 425-428Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2008773
Keywords
Electrically small antennas; folded monopole; metamaterials; negative refractive index
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Intel Corporation
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An improved model for analyzing electrically small NRI-TL antennas is proposed, that highlights the methods that enable these antennas to offer a good impedance match and a high radiation efficiency compared to previously reported designs. An even-odd mode analysis reveals that the antenna supports a predominately even-mode current on the vertical vias, allowing the antenna to be modeled using a multiple folded monopole topology, which provides a substantial increase in the radiation resistance of the antenna. This, together with the top-loading effect of the microstrip line on the vias, enables the antenna to be matched to 50 Omega without the use of an external matching network, while maintaining a high radiation efficiency. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed with a fabricated prototype, that consists of four microstrip zero-degree NRI-TL unit cells with dimensions of lambda(0)/10 x lambda(0)/10 x lambda(0)/20 over a 0.45 lambda(0) x 0.45 lambda(0) ground plane. The antenna's performance is verified by full-wave simulations and experimental data obtained at 3.1 GHz, which yield a vertical linear electric field polarization, a measured -10 dB return-loss bandwidth of 53 MHz and a measured efficiency of 70%.
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