Journal
IAWA JOURNAL
Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages 288-310Publisher
BRILL
DOI: 10.1163/22941932-40190216
Keywords
Vulnerability to cavitation; percent loss of conductivity; wood density; wood anatomy; wall thickness; tracheid dimensions; conduit wall reinforcement
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Funding
- European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration [284181]
- Swedish strategic research program Bio4Energy
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [645654]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [645654] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Relationships between hydraulic vulnerability expressed as P-50 (the air pressure causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) and within-ring differences in wood density (WD) and anatomical features were investigated with the aim to find efficient proxies for P-50 relating to functional aspects. WD and tracheid dimensions were measured with SilviScan on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trunk wood. P-50 was strongly related to mean WD (r = -0.64) and conduit wall reinforcement ((t/b)(2)), the square of the ratio between the tracheid double wall thickness (t) and the lumen width (b), where use of tangential lumen width ((t/b(t))(2)) gave better results (r = -0.54) than radial lumen width (r = -0.31). The correlations of P-50 with carlywood (EW), transition wood (TW) and latewood (LW) traits were lower than with the specimen averages, both for WD (r = -0.60 for WDEW , r = -0.56 for WDTW, r = -0.23 for WDTW) and all anatomical traits. The loss of hydraulic conductivity was addressed as a dynamic process and was simulated by defining consecutive phases of 5% theoretical conductivity loss. WD and tracheid traits were calculated and correlated with P 50 values of each specimen. Tightest correlations were found for (t/b(t))(2), at relative cumulated theoretical conductivities until 45 to 50% (r = -0.75). We conclude that WD is one of the best available proxies for P-50, but does not necessarily reflect the mechanism behind resistance to cavitation. The new trait, based on estimation of conductivity loss as a dynamic process, provided even stronger correlations.
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