Limited evidence for calcium supplementation in preeclampsia prevention: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Objective: This article synthesises evidence for calcium supplementation in preeclampsia prevention. Methods: Major databases and trial registries were searched, and comparisons were made against other meta-analyses. Results: Calcium supplementation reduced the overall risk of preeclampsia in 10 trials (n = 24 787; risk ratio (RR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.81). Its effect was larger in two subgroups: low-baseline calcium intake (RR 0.42 [0.23-0.76]) and increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders (RR 0.36 [0.10-0.98]). This effect was not significant amongst larger studies (RR 0.93 [0.83-1.04]). Funnel plotting suggested possible publication bias. Conclusion: Some evidence for calcium supplementation exists, but its utility is limited by the possibility of publication bias and a lack of large trials.