Journal
HYPERTENSION
Volume 59, Issue 4, Pages 787-U101Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.182311
Keywords
blood pressure; fructose; meta-analysis; diabetes mellitus; guidelines
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Calorie Control Council
- Government of Canada
- Coca-Cola Company
- Abbott Laboratories
- Archer Daniels Midland
- International Life Sciences Institute North America
- Pulse Canada
- Barilla
- Solae
- Unilever
- Hain Celestial
- Loblaws Supermarkets
- Oldways Preservation Trust
- Almond Board of California
- International Nut Council
- Paramount Farms
- California Strawberry Commission
- Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
- Sanitarium Company
- Herbalife International
- Pacific Health Laboratories Inc
- Metagenics/MetaProteomics
- Bayer Consumer Care
- International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research Education
- Peanut Institute
- Procter and Gamble Technical Centre Limited
- Griffin Hospital for the development of the NuVal System
- Pepsi Company
- Soy Advisory Board of Dean Foods
- Alpro Soy Foundation
- Nutritional Fundamentals for Health
- Pacific Health Laboratories
- Kellogg's
- Quaker Oats
- Coca-Cola Sugar Advisory Board
- Agrifoods and Agriculture Canad (AAFC)
- Canadian Agriculture Policy Institute (CAPI)
- Orafti
- Canola Council of Canada
- Flax Council of Canada
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- Ontario Research Fund
- Advanced Foods and Material Network
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Concerns have been raised about the adverse effect of fructose on blood pressure. International dietary guidelines, however, have not addressed fructose intake directly. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of fructose in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures. Studies were identified using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases (through January 9, 2012). Human clinical trials of isocaloric oral fructose exchange for other carbohydrate sources for >= 7 days were included in the analysis. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q-statistic and quantified by I-2. Study quality was assessed using the Heyland Methodological Quality Score. Thirteen isocaloric (n=352) and 2 hypercaloric (n=24) trials met the eligibility criteria. Overall, fructose intake in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates significantly decreased diastolic (mean difference: -1.54 [95% CI: -2.77 to -0.32]) and mean arterial pressure (mean difference: -1.16 [95% CI: -2.15 to -0.18]). There was no significant effect of fructose on systolic blood pressure (mean difference: -1.10 [95% CI: -2.46 to 0.44]). The hypercaloric fructose feeding trials found no significant overall mean arterial blood pressure effect of fructose in comparison with other carbohydrates. To confirm these results, longer and larger trials are needed. Contrary to previous concerns, we found that isocaloric substitution of fructose for other carbohydrates did not adversely affect blood pressure in humans. (Hypertension. 2012;59:787-795.). Online Data Supplement
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