Prevalence of kairomone-induced diapause in Daphnia magna from habitats with and without fish

The prevalence of the diapause response of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna to chemical cues on fish predation was evaluated in 35 clones originating from 14 European water bodies-inhabited or not inhabited by fish. Clonal lineages of experimental animals were cultured for 4 weeks in the presence or absence of water to which an extract of faeces of crucian carps (Carassius carassius), that were fed with Daphnia, was added. The proportion of females producing diapausing forms during the experimental period was used as a measure of the diapause response. A positive diapause response to fish predation cues was observed in 43% of investigated clones that originated from 71% of the water bodies tested. This indicated that the diapause response to fish scent is a common phenomenon in Daphnia magna from various locations in Europe. Surprisingly, no signs of a stronger diapause reaction to the tested cues were found in Daphnia originating from water bodies inhabited by fish compared with those from fish-free habitats.