Stress response to daily temperature fluctuations in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

The littoral zone of lakes and lagoons is often used by fish for feeding or reproduction. However, the large changes in temperature that are typical of natural environments, including the littoral zone, represent a potential stressor for fish. Despite the importance of this habitat, little is known about the effect of daily temperature fluctuations on the stress responses of fish. We monitored daily temperature changes in the near-shore and offshore regions of a natural lagoon between May and July 2008-2010. We observed large temperature fluctuations more frequently in the near-shore zone than the offshore zone. We then exposed common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a temperature regime similar to that observed in the near-shore zone and measured the levels of cortisol released into the water. The rate of cortisol release increased when carp were exposed to an increase in temperature of similar to 0.6A degrees C/h over a 5-h period. Conversely, there was no change in the rate of release when temperatures decreased. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining high temporal resolution when evaluating the stress response to daily fluctuations temperature.