Journal
HUMAN VACCINES
Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages 1184-1191Publisher
LANDES BIOSCIENCE
DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.11.17016
Keywords
American trypanosomiasis; Trypanosoma cruzi; vaccine; animal model; pre-clinical development
Categories
Funding
- CONACYT [25368]
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Chagas disease is major public health problem, affecting nearly 10 million people, characterized by cardiac alterations leading to congestive heart failure and death of 20-40% of the patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite responsible for the disease. A vaccine would be key to improve disease control and we review here the recent advances and challenges of a T. cruzi vaccine. There is a growing consensus that a protective immune response requires the activation of a Th1 immune profile, with the stimulation of CD8(+) T cells. Several vacines types, including recombinant proteins, DNA and viral vectors, as well as heterologous prime-boost combinations, have been found immunogenic and protective in mouse models, providing proof-of-concept data on the feasibility of a preventive or therapeutic vaccine to control a T. cruzi infection. However, several challenges such as better end-points, safety issues and trial design need to be addressed for further vaccine development to proceed.
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