Journal
HUMAN MUTATION
Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 295-307Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/humu.21188
Keywords
CDC73; tumor suppressor; RNA polymerase II; hyperparathyroidism; parafibromin; tumorigenesis
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
- MRC [G0601423, G9825289] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G9825289, G0601423] Funding Source: researchfish
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The hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid tumors in association with ossifying fibromas of the maxilla and/or mandible. The gene responsible for HPT-JT, known as CDC73, was identified in 2002 and encodes a 531 amino acid protein known as parafibromin. Parafibromin is beta-catenin and also forms part of the RNA polymerase associated factor,I complex (Paf1C) that regulates transcription. Heterozygous germline CDC73 mutations are detected in the majority of patients with HPT-JT, and the demonstration of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the CDC73 locus in tumors from affected individuals is consistent with a tumor suppressor role. Somatic CDC73 mutations are a frequent finding in nonfamilial (i.e., sporadic) parathyroid carcinomas and have also been reported in benign sporadic parathyroid tumors as well as sporadic renal and fibro-osseous jaw tumors. TO date, 111 independent CDC73 mutations have been identified (68 germline; 38 somatic; 5 undefined), and these occur throughout the coding region and splice sites of the CDC73 gene, with the majority (> 80%) predicting premature truncation of the parafibromin protein. These CDC73 mutations, together with their clinical and biological relevance, are reviewed. Hum Mutat 31:295-307, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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