Journal
HUMAN MUTATION
Volume 31, Issue 8, Pages 918-923Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/humu.21293
Keywords
hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly; exome sequencing; deep sequencing; FLVCR2; Fowler syndrome
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Funding
- Cole Foundation
- Fonds de Recherche en Sante du Quebec
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Protein coding genes constitute approximately 1% of the human genome but harbor 85% of the mutations with large effects on disease-related traits. Therefore, efficient strategies for selectively sequencing complete coding regions (i.e., whole exome'') have the potential to contribute our understanding of human diseases. We used a method for whole-exome sequencing coupling Agilent whole-exome capture to the Illumina DNA-sequencing platform, and investigated two unrelated fetuses from nonconsanguineous families with Fowler Syndrome (FS), a stereotyped phenotype lethal disease. We report novel germline mutations in feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular-receptor-family member 2, FLVCR2, which has recently been shown to cause FS. Using this technology, we identified three types of genetic abnormalities: point-mutations, insertions-deletions, and intronic splice-site changes (first pathogenic report using this technology), in the fetuses who both were compound heterozygotes for the disease. Although revealing a high level of allelic heterogeneity and mutational spectrum in FS, this study further illustrates the successful application of whole-exome sequencing to uncover genetic defects in rare Mendelian disorders. Of importance, we show that we can identify genes underlying rare, monogenic and recessive diseases using a limited number of patients (n = 2), in the absence of shared genetic heritage and in the presence of allelic heterogeneity. Hum Mutat 31: 918-923, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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