Journal
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 117-128Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt405
Keywords
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Funding
- NIH [1R43 CA103553-01, GM09031]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-04-1-0597]
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) [RT2-01942]
- Jilin International Collaboration Grant [20120720]
- NSFC [81272294]
- Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs
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Aberrant imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene is a molecular hallmark of many tumors. Reactivation of the normally suppressed maternal allele leads to upregulation of the growth factor that promotes tumor growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the loss of imprinting (LOI) remain poorly defined. We examined the epigenotypes at the gene promoters that control IGF2 allelic expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that in cells characterized by maintenance of IGF2 imprinting, three IGF2 promoters were differentially modified, with the suppressed allele heavily methylated at histone H3K27 while the active allele was unmethylated. In the LOI tumors, however, both alleles were unmethylated, and correspondingly there was no binding of SUZ12, the docking factor of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and of the zinc finger-containing transcription factor (CTCF) that recruits the PRC2. Using chromatin conformation capture, we found that the CTCF-orchestrated intrachromosomal loop between the IGF2 promoters and the imprinting control region was abrogated in cells with LOI. SUZ12, which docks the PRC2 to IGF2 promoters for H3K27 methylation, was downregulated in LOI cells. These data reveal a new epigenetic control pathway related to the loss of IGF2 imprinting in tumors.
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