Journal
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
Volume 17, Issue -, Pages R60-R66Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn119
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR054396, R01AR054396] Funding Source: Medline
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Although the spatial and temporal orchestration of early vertebrate embryogenesis is missing from cell culture systems, recent work suggests that many of the same signals affecting neural induction in vertebrate embryos also regulate embryonic stem (ES) cell neurogenesis. One key regulatory mechanism involved in both in vivo and in vitro neural induction is the inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals. Wnts and Fibroblast Growth Factors represent additional regulatory influences, which may affect the adoption of neural fates through both BMP-dependent and BMP-independent mechanisms. Insights into neural induction in vivo help to guide paradigms for promoting neural differentiation by ES cells. Conversely, insights into the mechanisms by which ES cells adopt neural fates may provide an improved understanding of neural induction in the early embryo.
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