Genetic and diabetic auto-antibody markers in Saudi children with type 1 diabetes

Human leukocyte antigen DRB1 and DQB1 contribute to the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and they are involved in the induction of the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells precipitating the disease The objective of this study was to examine diabetic auto-antibodies (ICA-512 GAD65) and the HLA-DR/DQ genotype among T1DM Saudi children in a cross-sectional study conducted at King Khalid University and National Guard Hospitals Riyadh Subjects included in this study were 103 Saudi patients and 180 healthy controls In all 41% of patients were positive for ICA512 73 3% positive for GAD65 and 27 3% had both antibodies The risk alleles were DRB1 0301 (odds ratio [OR] = 11 1) DRB1*0405 (OR = 6 02) DRB1*0401 (OR = 5 8) DQB1*0201 (OR, 17 69) and DQB1*0302 (OR = 3 77) In addition the DRB1*03/04-DQB1*02/0302 (OR = 123 4) is positively associated with T1DM However DRB1*0403 (OR = 0 27) DRB1*1101 (OR = 0 049) DRB1*1307 (OR = 0 28) DRB1*1501 (OR = 0 12) DQB1*0301 (OR = 0 03) DQB1*0401 (OR = 0 04) and DQB1*0602 (OR = 0 16) were protective Among GAD-positive patients 81% were DRB1*0301 68 75% were DQB1*0201 62 5% were DRB1*0405 43 75% were DQB1*0302 and 43 7% were DRB1*03/04 Among ICA512-positive patients all were DRB1*0301 66 6% were DQB1*0201 55% were DRB1*0405 33 3% were DQB1*0302 and 55% were DRB1 03/04 In conclusion these results show a strong association of HLA-DQB1*0201/0302 and DRB1*03/04 with T1DM Thus combining genetic markers with autoantibody is useful in a screening program for early detection of T1DM among Saudi children (C) 2010 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved