Journal
HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 8, Pages 667-677Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0960327109358917
Keywords
hormesis; biphasic; dose response; U-shaped; adaptive response; antibiotics
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, United States Air Force (USAF)
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This article assesses the response below a toxicological threshold for 1888 antibacterial agents in Escherichia coli, using 11 concentrations with twofold concentration spacing in a high-throughput study. The data set had important strengths such as low variability in the control (2%-3% SD), a repeat measure of all wells, and a built-in replication. Bacterial growth at concentrations below the toxic threshold is significantly greater than that in the controls, consistent with a hormetic concentration response. These findings, along with analyses of published literature and complementary evaluations of concentration-response model predictions of low-concentration effects in yeast, indicate a lack of support for the broadly and historically accepted threshold model for responses to concentrations below the toxic threshold.
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