Segmentation and registration of three-dimensional rotational angiogram on live fluoroscopy to guide atrial fibrillation ablation: A new online imaging tool

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional rotational atriography (3DATG) was developed to supplement two-dimensional fluoroscopy with 3D volume reconstruction of the left atrium (LA), pulmonary veins (PV), and other structures. Until recently, 3DATG images could only be viewed separately and were not suitable to directly guide atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of intraprocedural 3DATG. METHODS Three-dimensional rotational atriography with right atrial contrast injection was obtained using a Philips Allura Xper FD10 system in 30 patients with symptomatic AF who also underwent preprocedural computed tomographic (CT) scan. RESULTS The majority (93%) of 3DATG image reconstructions were useful for guidance of catheter ablation. Nearly all PVs (94%), LA appendage (89%), and esophagus (100%) were successfully segmented. Measured PV ostial diameters compared using 3DATG and CT showed close concordance. Registration and reregistration of 3DATG overlay image was easily achieved with thoracic Landmarks and validated by catheter placement demonstrating minimal discrepancy. Endoscopic views allowed for improved visualization of ostial position, dimensions, and navigation within the antrum. Lesion tagging on 3DATG overlay enhanced ablation guidance. Radiation exposure with 3DATG was significantly reduced compared with preprocedural CT scan (2.1 +/- 0.3 mSv vs 13.8 +/- 2.4 mSv, P < .001). CONCLUSION Intraprocedural 3DATG imaging during AF ablation with online segmentation and superimposition on live fluoroscopy is feasible. Overlay provides valuable and accurate information on 3D surface outline and endoscopic PV location. Three-dimensional rotational atriography overlay is a new imaging method with reduced radiation exposure that may replace preprocedural CT scan for catheter navigation and ablation of AF.