Behavioral and Mind/Body Interventions in Headache: Unanswered Questions and Future Research Directions

Background Many unanswered questions remain regarding behavioral and mind/body interventions in the treatment of primary headache disorders in adults. Methods We reviewed the literature to ascertain the most pressing unanswered research questions regarding behavioral and mind/body interventions for headache. Results We identify the most pressing unanswered research questions in this field, describe ideal and practical ways to address these questions, and outline steps needed to facilitate these research efforts. We discuss proposed mechanisms of action of behavioral and mind/body interventions and outline goals for future research in this field. Conclusions Although challenges arise from the complex nature of the interventions under study, research that adheres to published study design and reporting standards and focuses closely on answering key questions is most likely to lead to progress in achieving these goals.