Parasitism of harmful dinoflagellates in Korean coastal waters

Two parasites of dinoflagellates, the perkinsid Parvilucifera infectans and the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya ceratii, are known to infect numerous dinoflagellate hosts, including some toxic and harmful algal bloom species. These parasites have received particular attention, due to growing interest in developing natural biological approaches for controlling harmful red tides. Nonetheless, few published accounts of dinoflagellate parasitism are available for coastal waters of Asia, although that region is strongly influenced by dinoflagellate red tides. In this paper, our goals were (1) to review available information (i.e. distribution and seasonality) on Amoebophrya that infect dinoflagellates of Korean coastal waters, providing novel observation where possible, (2) set data (i.e. biology and genetic diversity) for Korean Amoebophrya within a global context, and (3) discuss the implications of available findings on the potential use of Amoebophrya as a biological control agent of harmful dinoflagellates. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.