A Theory of Complex Adaptive Learning and a Non-Localized Wave Equation in Quantum Mechanics

Authors

Leilei Shi¹ , Xinshuai Guo² , Jiuchan Wei² , Wei Zhang³ , Guocheng Wang⁴ , Bing-Hong Wang⁵

1. School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Beijing
2. School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
3. Beijing YourenXiantan Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
4. Institute of Quantitative & Technological Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100
5. Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Conference / event

The 10th International Symposium on Cold Atom Physics (ISCAP-X), June 2024 (Shanghai, China)

Poster summary

Complex adaptive learning is intelligent. It is adaptive, learns in feedback loops, and generates hidden patterns as many individuals, elements or particles interact in complex adaptive systems (CAS). CAS highlights adaptation in life and lifeless complex systems cutting across all traditional natural and social sciences disciplines. However, discovering a universal law in CAS and understanding the underlying mechanism of distribution formation, such as a non-Gauss distribution in complex quantum entanglement, remains highly challenging. Quantifying the uncertainty of CAS by probability wave functions, the authors find a non-localized wave equation in quantum mechanics in Skinner-Shi (reinforcement-frequency-interaction) coordinates. The theory shows that quantum entanglement is an interactively coherent state instead of a consequence of the superposition of coherent states. As a resource, quantum entanglement is energy-consumed. The entanglement state has opposite states subject to interaction conservation rather than energy conservation.

Keywords

Complex adaptive systems, Complex adaptive learning, Non-localized wave equation, Interaction conservation, Interactively coherent entanglement, Adaptively interactive coherence

Research areas

Systems Science, Business, Economics and Finance, Physics

References

1. EINSTEIN, Albert, Boris PODOLSKY, and Nathan ROSEN (1935): “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?” Physical Review, 47 (May 15), 777–780.
2. HE, Qiongyi (2024): “Tests on Complex Quantum Entanglement and Its Applications”[R], Seminar Reports at Fudan Theoretical Physics, Video Available at KouShare (April 12), DOI link: https://dx.doi.org/10.12351/ks.2404.0009
3. COLCIAGHI, Paolo, Yifan LI, Philipp TREUTLEIN, and Tilman ZIBOLD (2023): “Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiment with Two Bose-Einstein Condensates,” Physical Review X, 13, 021031.
4. SHI, Leilei (2006): “Does Security Transaction Volume-Price Behavior Resemble a Probability Wave?” [J]. Physica A, 366, 419-436.
5. SHI, Leilei, Xinshuai GUO, Andrea FENU, and Bing-Hong WANG (2023): “The Underlying Coherent Behavior in Intraday Dynamic Market Equilibrium,” [J] China Finance Review International, 13 (4), 568-598.
6. SHI Leilei, Xinshuai GUO, Jiuchang WEI, Wei ZHANG, Guocheng WANG, Bing-Hong WANG (2024): “A Theory of Complex Adaptive Learning and a Non-Localized Wave Equation in Quantum Mechanics,” [R] Working Paper, Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15554

Funding

1. National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71874172)
2. National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72293573)
3. National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72003007)

Supplemental files

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Additional information

Competing interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and / or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Creative Commons license

Copyright © 2024 Shi et al. This is an open access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.